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NetMonth, October 1987
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* The guide to BITNET servers and services *
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* Volume 2 Number 4 October 1987 *
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* Editor: Chris Condon CONDON@YALEVM *
* Assistant Editor: Steve Sutter SUTTER@YALEVM *
* NetMonth Staff Supervisor: Gary Moss MOSS@YALEVM *
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* Contents *
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Bitnotes ................................................................ 1
FEATURES___________________________________________________________________
The BITNET Bylaws ....................................................... 4
SERVERS AND SERVICES_______________________________________________________
New Mailing Lists ...................................................... 15
DEPARTMENTS________________________________________________________________
Feedback ............................................................... 18
Policies ............................................................... 18
NetMonth is a network service publication distributed free of charge to
students and professionals in BITNET and other networks. This magazine and
it's companion file, BITNET SERVERS, are the work of the Yale Computer
Center BITNET Services Library (BITLIB) staff. The BITLIB is a local
online help facility designed to inform Yale network users about what
services are available to them through BITNET, and provide instructions
and utilities for their proper use. In publishing NetMonth the BITLIB
staff members hope to share the fruits of their labor with institutions
outside of Yale in order to promote a productive and enjoyable networking
environment for everyone. The BITLIB system is now distributed to more than
thirty educational institutions worldwide.
BITNET SERVERS is BITNETs most complete and up-to-date list of servers
and services. It is sent to NetMonth subscribers at the same time as the
magazine. BITNET SERVERS is dependent on your support to remain accurate.
If you know of servers and services not listed in BITNET SERVERS, or of
those listed in the file that are no longer available, please contact the
NetMonth staff at BITLIB@YALEVM.
For information on subscribing to NetMonth and BITNET SERVERS, see the
"Policies" section on the last pages of this issue. Within "Policies" there
are also instructions for submitting articles, sending Letters to the
Editor, and printing this file.
-------------------------< Distribution: 1666 >----------------------------
A publication of the Bitnet Services Library "Because We're Here."
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* Bitnotes Issue 15 *
***************************************************************************
"When you're knee-deep in alligators, you don't
worry about who's going to drain the swamp."
Just after the September NetMonth arrived on the newsstands, I received
this letter from John Voigt of Tulane University. It is more than self-
explanatory, so read on:
I'd like to address a couple of comments made in the last issue
of NETMONTH (1987SEP). The following appeared in that issue:
* Perhaps a story would clarify my frame of mind:
Once there was a file server named TCSSERVE@TCSVM.
The server was fairly popular and prospered.
Several months later, a Listserv was installed at
that node. Another few months went by and
TCSSERVE was installed as a subserver of the
Listserv. Now, there is no more TCSSERVE.
* TCSSERVE lives no more: The subserver of
LISTSERV@TCSVM recently discontinued service.
TCSSERVE was originally a file server, and was later
moved to Listserv.
First of all let me put an end to this rumor. The TCSSERVE
"subserver" (they are actually called FILELIST's on LISTSERV)
is still available on LISTSERV@TCSVM. In addition, there is
another "subserver" there called RFC which contains all the
internet RFC (request for comment) files in a format suitable
for IBM users.
Next I'd like to put this whole situation into a little easier
to understand perspective. TCSSERVE was originally written
for two main reasons: 1. To help me learn more about REXX
and IUCVTRAP and 2. To provide a collection point for several
mailing list's postings.
TCSSERVE started out as a simple mailbox which subscribed to
several BITNET and INTERNET mailing lists. It would archive
incoming mail from these various lists into individual
notebooks and keep them on a public disk. It was originally
intended to archive postings from IBM7171 and S-COMPUT (two
mailing lists I was running using the old BITNIC listserver
code that Ricky wrote). TCSSERVE ran this way for close to 2
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months, back issues of IBM7171 and S-COMPUT were available
locally, and everyone was happy. As more and more people
subscribed to these lists, I received many requests for the
archives. I then kludged in more code to allow BITNET users
(with interactive message capability anyway) to request the
archived notebooks. Before long, people started sending me
other stuff to put on TCSSERVE and next thing I knew my "magic
mailbox" had become a full-fledged fileserver.
But all was not roses in TCSVM-land. TCSSERVE could only talk
to a user through interactive messages. Moreover, it was not
a trivial task to make it smarter. Remember that it was
processing mail in an attempt to archive several mailing lists
at once. The extra logic to process commands sent in
mailfiles and still be able to detect those mail items that
needed to be archived would have been excessive. Many users
were sending me requests via mail to send them files from
TCSSERVE. Also, TCSSERVE knew only one format - NETDATA.
BITNET was evolving and so was the internet and mail to be
archived by TCSSERVE kept changing format, requiring quite a
bit of maintenance.
Enter Eric Thomas, saviour of BITNET bandwidth, riding on his
great white steed. With a few blows of his trusty sword - the
famous FRECP11 LISTSERV - he solves many of my problems.
First it was just a replacement for the BITNIC LISTSERV. Then
it would keep archives of mailing lists. (That replaced one
function of TCSSERVE.) Soon, file server functions were added
for the notebooks. It was looking pretty grim for the
TCSSERVE machine. The final blow came when full fileserver
functions were added. TCSSERVE was converted over to the
LISTSERV fileserver and discontinued.
Well almost.
The thing was it just wouldn't die.
To this day I still get at least 2 or 3 mail items a week
either sent to TCSSERVE or sent to me asking about TCSSERVE.
Chris: I think POPULAR understated the situation a little.
:-) The thing is this: LISTSERV just provides too many
services too much better than TCSSERVE to ever go back. I
miss having the high profile fileserver that TCSSERVE was as
much as the next guy. LISTSERV looks just like any other
LISTSERV - you don't see all that other stuff it is doing.
TCSSERVE really stood out. I've thought about running a
TCSSERVE machine that just forwarded messages to LISTSERV but
it seems a little silly.
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Thomas Wolfe told us we can never go home - I can tell you
TCSSERVE will never come back.
The network evolves, the tools evolve. We must evolve
(however reluctantly) with it.
John
No excuses. I received a notice that TCSSERVE was no longer running. I
sent a command to LISTSERV to confirm this, but I apparently sent the
command to the wrong server. I messed up.
***
This month I have decided to temporarily abandon our regular format in
order to make space for our speacial feature: The BITENT Bylaws. This is
the definitve document which explains what BITNET Inc. is and how it is run
in clear legal language. About this time last year we printed the proposed
BITNET Charter; the Bylaws are the final form of that text: a blueprint for
BITNET.
*
* * * Virtually;
* * *
* * * Chris
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*************************************************************************
* The BITNET Bylaws *
***************************************************************************
BYLAWS OF
BITNET, INC.
A CORPORATION NOT FOR PROFIT
9 Tamarack Circle
Skillman, New Jersey 08558
**********************
ARTICLE I - NAME
The name of the corporation shall be BITNET, INC. and it is sometimes
referred to in these Bylaws as "the Corporation."
ARTICLE II - PURPOSES
This corporation is a non-profit corporation organized and operated not
for pecuniary profit, but exclusively for charitable purposes, to be
achieved through the distribution of its funds for such purposes and
particularly for the purpose of facilitating the non-commercial exchange
of information consistent with the academic purposes of its member
degree-granting institutions of higher education and its member consortia
and member affiliates of institutions of higher education. To the
foregoing ends the corporation may take and hold by bequest, device,
gift, grant, purchase, lease or otherwise any property, real or
personal, tangible or intangible or any undivided interest therein
without limitation as to value and shall sell, convey or otherwise dispose
of such property and invest, reinvest or deal with the principal and
income thereof in such manner as, in the judgment of the trustees,
will best promote the purpose of the corporation without limitation, except
such limitations, if any, as may be contained in the instrument under
which such property is received, the Certificate of Incorporation, the
Bylaws of the corporation or any laws applicable thereto. The Corporation
may do any other act or thing incidental to or connected with the
foregoing purpose or in advancement thereof, but not for the pecuniary
profit or financial gain of its trustees or officers except as permitted
under the New Jersey Corporations and Associations Not For Profit Law.
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ARTICLE III - BASIC POLICIES
1. To maintain and promote the maximum inter-institutional connectivity
possible.
The founding and guiding principle of BITNET has been to connect all
the scholars of the world.
2. To provide a reliable, dependable network for new and existing users.
3. Control of BITNET must remain with its academic member institutions.
BITNET's philosophy reflects its origins in the academic community.
Any organization, governance, or service proposals need to safeguard
academia's strong controlling interests in BITNET.
ARTICLE IV - MEMBERS
1. Classes of Members. The corporation shall have classes of members.
The initial designation of such classes and the qualifications of the
members of such classes shall be as follows:
(a) Class A Members: certain degree granting institutions of higher
education.
(b) Class B Members: certain consortia and affiliates of institutions
of higher education.
(c) Class C Members: certain non-profit organizations.
(d) Class D Members: certain other organizations.
2. Election of Members. The Board of Trustees will determine
eligibility for each Class or may modify the number of classes by rules
defined from time to time.
3. Membership Representatives. Each member shall appoint three
representatives as follows:
(a) BITNET Institutional Representative (BIR) - an individual appointed
by the BITNET member institution's president/chancellor,
governing body or delagee thereof, who can speak for overall institutional
BITNET policy; typically a senior-level manager or administrator with
fiscal and/or policy responsibility for computing at an institutional
level. This individual (or proxy) will vote on matters requiring a
vote of the BITNET membership, appoint the institution's official
Technical Representative and Information Services Representative, and
represent the BITNET member institution in policy and fiscal matters.
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(b) BITNET Technical Representative (TECHREP) - an individual appointed by
the member institution's BITNET Institutional Representative who can
speak for the status of all the computers connected to BITNET at that
institution; typically a systems programmer knowledgeable about and
responsible for at least one of the connected computers. This
individual will interface with the BITNIC regarding such things as
technical operations, routing tables, the BITNET DATABASE (as the only
official source of database changes), and various software such as mail
user agents and mail transfer agents within that institution.
(c) BITNET Information Services Representative (INFOREP) - an individual
appointed by the member institution's BITNET Institutional
Representative who is responsible for local BITNET information
services support; this includes dissemination of information about
BITNET to end-users of each BITNET node at the institution, answering
questions from local BITNET users, etc.; typically a senior
information/user services staff member. This individual will be the point
of contact between the BITNIC's information services and the
institution's user community and will be in ongoing communication
with BITNIC staff.
4. Voting Rights. Each Class A and B member and no others shall be
entitled to one vote on each matter submitted to a vote of the members
which vote shall be cast by the official BITNET Institutional
Representative. Proxies are allowed.
5. Termination of Membership. The Board of Trustees, by affirmative
vote of two-thirds of all of the members of the board, may suspend or
expel a member for cause after an appropriate hearing, and, by a
majority vote of those present at any regularly constituted meeting, may
terminate the membership of any member who becomes ineligible for
membership, or suspend or expel any member who shall be in default in
the payment of dues for the period fixed in Article X of these bylaws.
6. Resignation. Any member may resign by filing a written resignation
with the Secretary, but such resignation shall not relieve the member
so resigning of the obligation to pay any dues assessments or other
charges theretofore accrued and unpaid.
7. Reinstatement. On written request, the Board of Trustees, by
the affirmative vote of two-thirds of all of the members of the board,
may reinstate such former member to membership on such terms as the
Board of Trustees may deem appropriate.
8. Transfer of Membership. Membership in this corporation is not
transferable.
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ARTICLE V - MEETINGS OF MEMBERS
1. Annual Meeting. An annual meeting of the BITNET Institutional
Representatives for the purpose of electing trustees and for the
transaction of such other business as may come before the meeting shall be
held at a date, time and place designated by the Board of Trustees.
2. Special Meetings. Special meetings of the BITNET Institutional
Representatives may be called by the President, the Board of Trustees or
by petition of not less than one-tenth of the BITNET Institutional
Representatives of Class A and B members.
3. Notice of Meetings. Written or printed notice or notice via BITNET
stating the place, day, and hour (or procedure in case of meeting via
BITNET) of any meeting of BITNET Institutional Representatives shall be
delivered personally or by mail or by BITNET to the BITNET
Institutional Representatives not less than thirty (30) days before the
date of such meeting. In case of a special meeting or when required by
statute or by these bylaws, the purposes for which the meeting is called
shall be stated in the notice.
4. Quorum. The members holding one-third (1/3) of the votes that may be
cast at any meeting shall constitute a quorum at such meeting. If a
quorum is not present at any meeting a majority of the vote holders
present may adjourn the meeting without further notice. For a meeting via
BITNET a quorum will be judged to exist for each item of business if and
only if one-third (1/3) of the eligible votes are cast.
ARTICLE VI - BOARD OF TRUSTEES
1. General Powers. The affairs of the corporation shall be managed by a
Board of Trustees.
2. Number and Qualifications. The number of trustees shall be eleven.
Each trustee shall be a BITNET Institutional Representative of a
Class A or Class B member. Each trustee shall hold office for the term
following election and until a successor has been elected and qualified.
3. Election and Tenure of Trustees. Trustees shall be elected to
three year terms beginning on the lst day of January following the annual
election, provided however, that, in order to ensure continuity, the
initial Board of Trustees shall consist of five trustees whose terms
shall expire in January 1988, two trustees whose terms shall expire
in January 1989, and four trustees whose terms shall expire in January
1990. Furthermore, of five terms beginning January 1, 1988, four terms
shall be for three years and one shall be for one year.
The current Board of Trustees will nominate at least two persons for
each vacancy to be filled at an annual election and communicate said
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nominations to the electorate at least eight weeks prior to the annual
election. For a period of three weeks following notification by the
electorate of the Board's nominations, members of the electorate
may submit additional nominations each of which shall be supported by a
minimum of ten petitions from members of the electorate.
At the conclusion of the petition period, ballots will be distributed
and shall be returned within three weeks of distribution in order
to be counted.
Brief statements by candidates on issues and experience will be
distributed to all members.
In any election with N vacancies, each member of the electorate
will have N votes, and the N candidates with the highest number of
votes will be declared elected to the board. In years where different
terms are being filled, candidates with the highest numbers of votes
will be elected for the longer terms. Ties will be broken by an
electronic runoff vote.
4. Regular Meetings. A regular annual meeting of the Board of Trustees
shall be held within three months following the annual election at a
place designated by a majority of the board by resolution at least four
weeks prior to the meeting.
5. Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Board of Trustees may
be called by or at the request of the President or any three Trustees.
Such meetings may be via BITNET or at a site designated by the President
should it be deemed necessary by the person or persons authorized to call
the special meeting that the meeting be held in person.
6. Notice. Notice to Trustees of any meetings of the Board of Trustees
shall be given at least two weeks previously thereto should the meeting
be via BITNET and four weeks previously thereto should the meeting be held
in person. Notice shall be given by personal delivery, or sent by mail
or telegram to each trustee at his address as shown by the records of the
corporation, or via BITNET. Any trustee may waive notice of any
meeting. The attendance of a trustee at any meeting shall constitute
waiver of notice of such meeting, except where a trustee attends a
meeting for the express purpose of objecting to the transaction of any
business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened.
7. Open Meetings. All Board of Trustees meetings will be open to
BITNET Institutional Representatives from Class A and B members.
Meeting announcements will be posted via BITNET to all three Membership
Representatives. Minutes of Board of Trustees meetings will be posted
electronically after acceptance by the Board and the posting will be
noted to all three Membership Representatives via BITNET.
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8. Quorum. A majority of the Board of Trustees shall constitute a
quorum for the transaction of business at any meeting of the board, but
if less than a majority of the trustees is present at any meeting, a
majority of the trustees present may adjourn the meeting without
further notice. For meetings via BITNET, a quorum will be judged to
exist for each item of business if and only if a majority of trustees vote.
9. Manner of Acting. The act of a majority of the trustees present at a
meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the Board of
Trustees, unless the act of a greater number is required by law or by
these bylaws.
10. Vacancies. Any vacancy occurring in the Board of Trustees
shall be filled at the next annual election; however, interim
appointments, until the next annual election, may be made by the Board of
Trustees.
11. Compensation. Trustees as such shall not receive any stated
salaries for their services, but by resolution of the Board of Trustees any
trustee may be indemnified for expenses and costs, including attorneys'
fees, actually and necessarily incurred by him in connection with any
claim asserted against him, by action in court or otherwise, by reason
of his being or having been such trustee, except in relation to matters
as to which he shall have been guilty of gross negligence or willful
misconduct in respect of the matter in which indemnity is sought.
ARTICLE VII - OFFICERS
1. Officers: The officers of the corporation shall be a president,
one or more vice-presidents (the number thereof to be determined by the
Board of Trustees), a secretary, a treasurer, and such other officers
as may be elected in accordance with the provisions of this article. Any
two or more offices may be held by the same person, except the offices of
president and secretary.
2. Election and Term of Office: The officers of the corporation
shall be elected at their regular annual meeting by the Board of
Trustees. If the election of officers shall not be held at such
meeting, such election shall be held as soon thereafter as
conveniently may be. New offices may be created and filled at any meeting
of the Board of Trustees. Each officer shall hold office until a
successor shall have been duly elected and shall have been qualified.
3. Removal: Any officer elected or appointed by the Board of Trustees
may be removed by the Board of Trustees whenever in its judgment the best
interests of the corporation would be served thereby.
4. Vacancies: A vacancy in any office, because of death, resignation,
removal, disqualification, or otherwise, may be filled by the Board
of Trustees for the unexpired portion of the term.
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5. President: The President shall be the principal executive of
the corporation and shall, in general, supervise and control all of the
business and affairs of the corporation. The President shall preside at
all meetings of the members and of the Board of Trustees. The President
may sign, with the Secretary or any other officer of the corporation
authorized by the Board of Trustees, any deeds, mortgages, bonds,
contracts, or other instruments that the Board of Trustees has
authorized to be executed, except in cases where the signing and
execution thereof shall be expressly delegated by the Board of Trustees or
by these bylaws or by statute to some other officer or agent of the
corporation; and, in general, the President shall perform all duties
incident to the office of president and such other duties as may be
prescribed by the Board of Trustees from time to time.
6. Vice-President: In the absence of the President or in event of the
President's inability or refusal to act, the VicePresident or, in the
event there be more than one Vice-President, Vice-Presidents in the order
of their election shall perform the duties of the President, and when so
acting, shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the
restrictions on the President. Any Vice-President shall perform such other
duties as from time to time may be assigned by the President or by the
Board of Trustees.
7. Treasurer: The Treasurer shall have charge and custody of and be
responsible for all funds and securities of the corporation; receive
and give receipts for moneys due and payable to the corporation from any
source whatsoever, and deposit all such moneys in the name of the
corporation in such banks, trust companies, or other depositories as
shall be selected by the Board of Trustees; and, in general, perform all
the duties incident to the office of treasurer and such other duties as
from time to time may be assigned by the President or by the Board of
Trustees.
8. Secretary: The Secretary shall keep the minutes of the meetings of
the members and of the Board of Trustees in one or more books provided
for that purpose; see that all notices are duly given in accordance with
the provisions of these bylaws or as required by law; be custodian of the
corporate records and of the seal of the corporation and see that the seal
of the corporation is affixed to all documents, the execution of which on
behalf of the corporation under its seal is duly authorized in
accordance with the provisions of these bylaws; keep a register of the
post office and BITNET addresses of each member and trustee, which
shall be furnished to the Secretary by such member and trustee; and in
general, perform all duties incident to the office of secretary and
such other duties as from time to time may be assigned by the
President or by the Board of Trustees.
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ARTICLE VIII - COMMITTEES
1. Committees of Trustees: The Board of Trustees, by resolution
adopted by a majority of the trustees in office, may designate and
appoint one or more committees, each of which shall consist of two or more
trustees, which committees, to the extent provided in said resolution,
shall have and exercise the authority of the Board of Trustees in the
management of the corporation; but the designation of such committees and
the delegation thereto of authority shall not operate to relieve the
Board of Trustees, or any individual trustee of any responsibility
imposed on it or him by law.
2. Other Committees: Other committees not having and not exercising
the authority of the Board of Trustees in the management of the
corporation may be designated by a resolution adopted by a majority of
the trustees present at a meeting at which a quorum is present. Except
as otherwise provided in such resolution, members of each such committee
shall be duly appointed representatives of members of the corporation,
and the President of the corporation shall appoint the members thereof.
Any member thereof may be removed by the person or persons authorized
to appoint such member whenever in their judgment the best interests of
the corporation shall be served by such removal.
3. Term of Office: Each member of a committee shall continue as
such until his successor is appointed, unless the committee shall be
sooner terminated, or unless such member shall cease to qualify as a
member thereof.
4. Chairman: One member of a committee shall be appointed chairman by
the person or persons authorized to appoint the members thereof.
5. Vacancies: Vacancies in the membership of any committee may be filled
by appointments made in the same manner as provided in the case of the
original appointments.
6. Quorum: Unless otherwise provided in the resolution of the Board of
Trustees designating a committee, a majority of the whole committee
shall constitute a quorum and the act of a majority of the members
present at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the
committee.
7. Rules: Each committee may adopt rules for its own governance
not inconsistant with these bylaws or with rules adopted by the Board
of Trustees.
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ARTICLE IX - CONTRACTS, CHECKS, DEPOSITS AND FUNDS
1. Contracts: The Board of Trustees may authorize any officer or
officers, agent or agents of the corporation, in addition to the
officers so authorized by these bylaws, to enter into any contract or
execute and deliver any instrument in the name of and on behalf of the
corporation, and such authority may be general or confined to specific
instances.
2. Checks, Drafts or Orders for Payment: All checks, drafts, or
orders for the payment of money, notes, or other evidences of
indebtedness issued in the name of the corporation shall be signed by
such officer or officers, agent or agents of the corporation and in such
manner as shall from time to time be determined by resolution of the Board
of Trustees. In the absence of such determination by the Board of
Trustees, such instruments shall be signed by the Treasurer or an
Assistant Treasurer and countersigned by the President or a Vice-
President of the corporation.
3. Deposits: All funds of the corporation shall be deposited
from time to time to the credit of the corporation in such banks, trust
companies, or other depositories as the Board of Trustees may select.
4. Gifts: The Board of Trustees may accept on behalf of the corporation
any contribution, gift, bequest, or device for the general purposes, or
for any special purpose, of the corporation.
ARTICLE X - FEES
1. Fees: The Board of Trustees may determine from time to time the
amount of initiation fee, if any, and annual fees payable to the
corporation by members of each class. Fees are to remain as low and as
independent of usage as possible to encourage the widest possible use of
the network. The corporation is committed to minimizing fees and
maximizing service. Fees may not be raised more than 5% annually without
majority approval of the BITNET Class A and B members.
2. Payment of Fees: Fees shall be payable in advance of the first day of
the corporation's fiscal year. The first year's dues of a new member shall
be prorated from the first day of the month in which such new member
is elected to membership for the remainder of the fiscal year of the
corporation.
3. Default and Termination of Membership: When any member of any class
shall be in default in the payment of fees for a period of two (2)
months, his membership may thereupon be terminated by the Board of
Trustees in the manner provided in Article IV of these bylaws.
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ARTICLE XI - MISCELLANEOUS
1. Books and Records: The corporation shall keep correct and complete
books and records of account and shall also keep minutes of the
proceedings of the annual and any special meetings of the BITNET
Institutional Representatives, the Board of Trustees, and committees
having any of the authority of the Board of Trustees; and shall keep at
the principal office a record giving the names and addresses of the
BITNET Institutional Representatives entitled to vote. All books and
records of the corporation may be inspected by any BITNET
Institutional Representative, or agent or attorney for any proper purpose
at any reasonable time.
2. Fiscal Year: The fiscal year of the corporation shall begin on the
first day of July and end on the last day of June in the following year.
3. Corporate Seal: The Board of Trustees shall provide a corporate
seal.
4. Waiver of Notice: Whenever any notice is required to be given under
the provisions of the New Jersey Corporations and Associations Not for
Profit Act or under the provisions of the articles of incorporation or
the bylaws for the corporation, a waiver thereof in writing signed by the
person or persons entitled to such notice, whether before or after the
time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent to the giving of such
notice.
ARTICLE XII - AMENDMENTS
1. Power of Members to Amend Bylaws or Certificate of
Incorporation: The Bylaws or Certificate of Incorporation of this
corporation may be amended, repealed, or added to, or new Bylaws may be
adopted upon initiation by either the Board of Trustees or by petition
of 20% of members with voting rights, and by affirmative vote of
two-thirds (2/3) of the members with voting rights who return ballots
at a meeting (including a meeting via BITNET) duly called for the purpose,
according to the Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws.
CERTIFICATE AUTHENTICATING ADOPTION OF BYLAWS OF BITNET, INC.
I, Leland H. Williams, do herby certify that:
1. I am the duly elected and acting Secretary of BITNET, INC., a New
Jersey corporation not for profit.
2. The foregoing bylaws, consisting of ten (10) pages,
constitute the initial bylaws of the corporation as duly adopted by a
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Unanimous Consent of the Trustees of BITNET, INC. in Lieu of Meeting,
Dated July 30, 1987. These bylaws have been determined by the
Executive Committee of BITNET, an unincorporated association, which
Executive Committee has now become the Board of Trustees of BITNET, Inc.,
to be wholly consistent with the BITNET Charter adopted by the membership
in November 1986, and required in order to operate the corporation in
accordance with the principles of said Charter, such incorporation
having been determined to be necessary to carry out the purposes agreed by
the members.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name and affixed
the seal of the corporation this 30th day of July, 1987.
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